Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that is estimated to affect about 1 in 10 women. It can be difficult to diagnose and is characterized by a variety of symptoms, which may include:
Irregular periods
Acne
Thinning hair on the scalp
Excess hair growth in unexpected areas, such as the face, chest, and back
Weight gain – especially around the abdomen
Ovarian cysts
Infertility
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, however, most women with PCOS have what is called insulin resistance, which is believed to be the underlying cause in many cases.
What does this mean?
Having insulin resistance means that the body’s cells don’t respond as well to insulin (the hormone that is responsible for getting sugar from our blood into our cells). This causes the body to produce higher amounts of insulin to compensate, which can then cause changes in our other hormone levels as well.
In addition to the frustrating symptoms that these hormone imbalances can cause, PCOS can also increase the risk of other health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart disease – which is another reason why proper management of the condition is so important.
How is PCOS treated?
Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment for PCOS. Lifestyle modification is usually the main treatment, which may be combined with certain medications to help manage symptoms. Oral contraceptives are commonly prescribed to help manage irregular periods, and other medications may be used to help with insulin resistance, infertility, and other symptoms as needed.
How can nutrition and lifestyle changes help?
A well-balanced diet that includes plenty of protein, healthy fats, and fiber, and limits excess added sugars can help improve insulin resistance and unwanted symptoms. Getting enough antioxidants from plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables can also be beneficial, and foods like avocados, olives, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish are a few of the best sources of healthy fats.
In addition to a healthy diet, other lifestyle changes that can help include getting enough sleep, regular exercise, and stress management. Supplements can also be a helpful addition for some women.
While a diagnosis of PCOS can be overwhelming, many women are able to manage the condition through proper nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyle changes. Because PCOS can affect women differently, working with a registered dietitian can help you create a plan that best fits your unique needs and lifestyle.
